Original paper
Approach-aversion in calves following injections
Abstract
We assessed aversion to injections using an avoidance-learning paradigm. Holstein calves (n = 24) were randomly assigned to one of four routes of administration for 0.5 ml of saline: intramuscular (IM), intranasal (IN), subcutaneous (SC) and a null control. Calves were first trained to approach a milk reward of 1 L. Once the latency to approach the reward was consistent, calves received their assigned treatment when approaching the bottle. For...
Paper Details
Title
Approach-aversion in calves following injections
Published Date
Jun 21, 2018
Journal
Volume
8
Issue
1
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Notes
History