α-Lipoic acid inhibits the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through inhibition of TGFβ signaling

Invasion and metastasis are the main cause of mortality in breast cancer. Hence, novel therapeutic interventions with high specificity toward invasion and metastasis are necessary. α-Lipoic acid showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on several cancers including breast cancer. However, the effect of lipoic acid on breast cancer metastasis remains unclear.In the present study, we examined the effects of lipoic acid on the migration and...