Quantifying heterogeneity in individual participant data meta-analysis with binary outcomes

In meta-analyses (MA), effect estimates that are pooled together will often be heterogeneous. Determining how substantial heterogeneity is is an important aspect of MA.We consider how best to quantify heterogeneity in the context of individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) of binary data. Both two- and one-stage approaches are evaluated via simulation study. We consider conventional I 2 and R 2 statistics estimated via a two-stage...