Internationalization of latecomer firms from emerging economies—The role of resultant and autonomous learning

This study tests the prescience of John Mathews’ linkage-leverage-learning (LLL) model to explain internationalization by latecomer firms (LFs)—set in an evolutionary backdrop. The hypothesis harbored in this study is that while LLL explains how LFs initially compete in international markets, it is autonomous learning, independent of LLL that is crucial to internationalization. We used panel data from 1994 to 2012 with 821 observations from 69...