Effect of an impaired oral stage on swallowing in patients with Parkinson's disease

Summary We investigated the swallowing function in patients with Parkinson's disease ( PD ) using deteriorated tongue control because patients with PD frequently exhibit an impaired oral stage of swallowing and the tongue movement affects oral and pharyngeal stage. In total, 201 patients with PD (106 men, 95 women; mean age 70·6 ± 8·0 years; median Hoehn‐Yahr Stage III ) were studied. The patients swallowed 10 mL of liquid barium under...