Valence and Value

Valence is a central component of all affective states, including pains, pleasures, emotions, moods, and feelings of desire or repulsion. This paper has two main goals. One is to suggest that enough is now known about the causes, consequences, and properties of valence to indicate that it forms a unitary natural‐psychological kind, one that seemingly plays a fundamental role in motivating all kinds of intentional action. If this turns out to be...