Hepatitis C virus and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 co-infection: impact on liver disease, virological markers, and neurological outcomes

•The frequency of neurological abnormalities is unaltered during HCV/HTLV-1 co-infection.•Hepatic damage is reduced during HCV/HTLV-1 infection, even without HCV clearance.•Co-infection with HCV does not change HTLV-1-directed CD4+ T-cell proliferation.•HCV-related thrombocytopenia is reversed during co-infection with HTLV-1. ObjectivesHuman T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with neurological abnormalities, such...