The spectrum of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: revisiting the concept of the disease

GCA and PMR are conditions of older persons that frequently overlap. The traditional concept of GCA has focused on cranial symptoms such as headache and visual disturbance, but extra-cranial manifestations such as constitutional symptoms, polymyalgia and limb claudication have also long been recognized. These symptoms may coincide with cranial GCA, occur as an independent clinical subset [large-vessel (LV) GCA] or overlap with PMR. Imaging...