Fine metabolic regulation in ruminants via nutrient–gene interactions: saturated long-chain fatty acids increase expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune response partly through PPAR-α activation

Madin–Darby Bovine Kidney cells cultured with 150 μ m of Wy-14 643 (WY, PPARα agonist) or twelve long-chain fatty acids (LCFA; 16 : 0, 18 : 0, cis -9–18 : 1, trans -10–18 : 1, trans -11–18 : 1, 18 : 2 n -6, 18 : 3 n -3, cis -9, trans -11–18 : 2, trans -10, cis -12–18 : 2, 20 : 0, 20 : 5 n -3 and 22 : 6 n -3) were used to uncover PPAR-α target genes and determine the effects of LCFA on expression of thirty genes with key functions in lipid...