Coordination of the cortisol and testosterone responses: A dual axis approach to understanding the response to social status threats

For many people, competitions, status challenges, and being evaluated by others result in increases in cortisol as well as testosterone. It is argued that physiological processes work in a coordinated fashion when facing social evaluative–competitive situations. Such a coordinated response may be part of an evolved system, monitoring and responding to threats to one’s social status. In two studies, using within-person multi-level analyses, we...