Mechanisms of Disease: pharmacogenetics of testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men

A defective, mutated androgen receptor may lead to variable phenotypes of androgen insensitivity in humans. Also, the CAG repeat polymorphism in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene modulates androgen effects; in vitro, transcription of androgen-dependent target genes is attenuated with increasing length of triplet residues. Clinically, the CAG repeat polymorphism causes significant modulations of androgenicity in various tissues and...