CRISPR RNA–guided activation of endogenous human genes

Synthetic transcription factors based on the RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system are used to activate endogenous genes in human cells. Also online, Gersbach and colleagues report similar developments at multiple other loci. Short guide RNAs (gRNAs) can direct catalytically inactive CRISPR-associated 9 nuclease (dCas9) to repress endogenous genes in bacteria and human cells. Here we show that single or multiple gRNAs can direct dCas9 fused to a VP64...