Numerical simulation of current-voltage characteristics of photovoltaic systems with shaded solar cells

In photovoltaics the actual curve of the current-voltage characteristics of a solar generator is often needed, for example if the maximum power point is to be determined. It is convenient to use a model for the description of the relationship between current and voltage, which is able to describe the solar cell in the generation region as well as the breakdowns at positive and negative voltages. As the mathematical expression cannot be given in...