Up and downregulation of p16Ink4a expression in BRAF-mutated polyps/adenomas indicates a senescence barrier in the serrated route to colon cancer

P16(Ink4a) is an important factor in carcinogenesis and its expression can be linked to oncogene-induced senescence. Oncogene-induced senescence is characterized by growth arrest and occurs as a consequence of oncogene activation due to KRAS or BRAF mutation. It has been shown that the induction of p16(Ink4a) in premalignant lesions and its loss during malignant transformation is an important mechanism in the carcinogenesis of several tumours....