Relationships among Performances on Group Administered Items of Formal Reasoning

50 ninth grade students who ranged widely in language ability responded to 10 group-administered pencil-paper items requiring various components of formal reasoning (isolation and control of variables, proportional reasoning, combinatorial reasoning). Responses on the 10 items were scored as correct or incorrect. Summed scores were obtained for the three components of formal reasoning. Correlation coefficients among the 10 items ranged widely...