Inert Metal-Modified, Composite Ceramic−Carbon, Amperometric Biosensors: Renewable, Controlled Reactive Layer

A new type of sol−gel-derived, inert metal-modified, composite, amperometric biosensor is developed. The electrodes are comprised of a dispersion of biochemically and chemically modified graphite powder in a porous, organically modified silicate (Ormosil) network. The percolating carbon dispersion provides electrical conductivity, oxidoreductase enzymes (e.g., glucose oxidase, lactate oxidase, or l-amino acid oxidase) are used for biocatalysis,...