Two Distinct Types of Langerhans Cells Populate the Skin during Steady State and Inflammation

Langerhans cells (LCs), the dendritic cells (DCs) in skin epidermis, possess an exceptional life cycle and developmental origin. Here we identified two types of LCs, short-term and long-term LCs, which transiently or stably reconstitute the LC compartment, respectively. Short-term LCs developed from Gr-1hi monocytes under inflammatory conditions and occurred independently of the transcription factor Id2. Long-term LCs arose from bone marrow in...