Aggregates of gold nanoparticles with complexes containing ruthenium as modifiers in carbon paste electrodes

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs−) were synthesized through the reduction of HAuCl4 with a solution of sodium citrate 1%, getting negatively charged species. [RuIICl(dppb)(bipy)(py)](PF6) and [RuIIICl2(dppb)(phen)](PF6) were also synthesized as monocationic species (Ru+), where dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenantroline and py = pyridine. Aggregates of AuNPs− with negatively charged and with a cationic...