Comparison of Antibody−Antigen Interactions on Collagen Measured by Conventional Immunological Techniques and Atomic Force Microscopy

We have developed a means of using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to repeatedly localize a small area of interest (4 × 4 μm2) within a 0.5-cm2 area on a heterogeneous sample, to obtain and localize high-resolution images and force measurements on nonideal samples (i.e., samples that better reflect actual biological systems, not prepared on atomically flat surfaces). We demonstrate the repeated localization and measurement of unbinding forces...