The Internationalization of Service Firms from Emerging Economies: An Internalization Perspective

How can service firms internationalize in the absence of significant resources and capabilities prior to internationalization? This question is important, because internalization theory has dismissed the possibility of internationalization without firm-specific advantages (FSAs) or country-specific advantages (CSAs). This conceptual study argues that resource-scarce service firms undertake FDI to access intangible resources abroad, which are...