An Examination of Motivation Model Components in Face-to-Face and Online Instruction

Introduction. The MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation consists of psychological components (i.e., empowerment, usefulness, success, interest, and caring) that have been derived from research and theory as ones that are critical to student engagement in academic settings. The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine whether men and women rate these psychological components differently in traditional face-to-face and online courses, and (2)...