Learned Helplessness and Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders: Deprivation in the Classroom

Students with emotional or behavioral disorders (E/BD) are characterized by academic deficits and classroom behavioral problems. The relationship between problem behavior and academic difficulties is complex, and some researchers have hypothesized that the classroom behavior problems of students with E/BD are responses to aversive stimuli, namely ineffective academic instruction and/or difficult tasks. The authors suggest that learned...