Equity or equality: outer and expanding circle teachers’ awareness of and attitudes towards World Englishes and international proficiency tests

This paper investigates the attitudes of 246 English teachers from Outer and Expanding Circles (EC and OC) towards the global spread of English and the challenges underpinning international proficiency tests. Using a questionnaire, supplemented with interviews with a smaller group of teachers, this study explores how EC and OC teachers perceive the relevance of World Englishes (WE) to the international tests like the TOEFL and IELTS and what...