Evaluation of a single surgeon’s learning curve of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: risk-adjusted cumulative summation analysis

Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is technically demanding and there is much controversy about its safety. We evaluated the learning curve for pure LPD based on the clinical outcomes of consecutive patients treated by a single surgeon. We reviewed the medical records of 119 consecutive patients who underwent LPD by a single surgeon between June 2013 and August 2018. The learning curve was evaluated using the cumulative summation (CUSUM)...