Understanding human individuation of unfamiliar faces with oddball fast periodic visual stimulation and electroencephalography

To investigate face individuation (FI), a critical brain function in the human species, an oddball fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) approach was recently introduced (Liu‐Shuang et al., Neuropsychologia , 2014, 52, 57). In this paradigm, an image of an unfamiliar “base” facial identity is repeated at a rapid rate F (e.g., 6 Hz) and different unfamiliar “oddball” facial identities are inserted every n th item, at a F / n rate (e.g., every...