Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Depression: a Comprehensive Review

The human gut microbiome is involved in a bi-directional communication pathway with the central nervous system (CNS), termed the microbiota–gut–brain axis. The microbiota–gut–brain axis is believed to mediate or modulate various central processes through the vagus nerve. The microbiota–gut–brain axis is involved with the production of microbial metabolites and immune mediators which trigger changes in neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and...