Handheld robotic needle holder training: slower but better

Handheld robotic laparoscopic instruments fill the gap between robotic and conventional instruments, combining the advantages of degrees of freedom and low price. The difficulty and value in learning these new instruments require detailed investigation. Forty novice surgeons with no laparoscopic experience were randomly assigned to two groups: conventional instrument group (Group Conv) and robotic instrument group (Group Rob). The same training...