Examining Gender Effects on Leadership among Future Managers: Comparing Hofstede’s Masculine vs. Feminine Countries*

This article examines biological gender and gender-role identity effects on self-perceived leadership among 371 future managers, and compares cultural differences linked to Hofstede’s masculine versus feminine countries of origin. The results showed no significant differences in leadership between males and females. For males, masculinity and femininity both correlate with leadership. This is not the case for females. In masculine-cultured...