Effects of substrate preparation on TiO2 morphology and topography during anodization of biomedical Ti6Al4V

TiO2 coatings were fabricated by anodizing unpolished and polished Ti6Al4V substrates in 1–3 M H2SO4 for 10 and 20 min at 120 V. Anatase was the principal polymorph and oxygen dissolution in the Ti6Al4V substrates caused αTi lattice contraction. Dielectric breakdown and associated heating of the insulating TiO2 promoted trace rutile formation. The surface preparation of the Ti6Al4V substrates was the principal factor that determined not only the...