Element analysis of bee-collected pollen and bee bread by atomic and mass spectrometry – Methodological development in addition to environmental and nutritional aspects

This review article presents 20 years of achievements made in the element analysis of bee pollen and bee bread. Special attention is paid to the sample pre-treatment and preparation procedures of the collected samples before such analyses carried out by different atomic and mass spectrometry methods. This includes the ways of wet and dry digestions, calibration strategies applied, and the validation of the results of these measurements. The role...