New Modes and Mechanisms of Long‐Term Ionospheric TEC Variations From Global Ionosphere Maps

The ionosphere is very active and complex due to photo‐ionization from the solar activity, while traditional empirical models can only give a rough description of its actual variations. Nowadays, global ionosphere maps (GIMs) derived from denser Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) world‐tracking data provide an excellent total electron content (TEC) data set for global ionospheric research and modeling. In this paper, long‐tern variations...