Circular Economy Business Models—Supply Chain Perspectives

Modern manufacturing generates waste and causes shortages in natural resources due to a “take-make-waste” production system. The circular economy (CE) has been a policy initiative for supply chain looping strategies to reuse, refurbish, recycle, minimize, eliminate, share, and optimize material and energy use while maintaining firm profitability. Circular economy business models (CEBM) are recommended for achieving competitiveness for firms and...