Detecting poststroke cortical motor maps with biphasic single- and monophasic paired-pulse TMS

BackgroundResidual corticospinal connections are the precondition for poststroke motor recovery and necessary for targeted interventions. In severely affected patients, standard transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may lead to false negative findings.ObjectiveDetecting the cortical representation of paralyzed forearm muscles by applying different stimulation techniques and maps beyond the hotspot.MethodsIn seventeen chronic stroke patients...