Enhancing the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of underwater channel communication by optimal cooperative spectrum sensing using hybrid optimization

Summary Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) contain quite a lot of components such as vehicles and sensors that are deployed in a specific acoustic area to perform collaborative monitoring and data collection errands. These networks are adopted interactively between diverse nodes and ground‐based stations. Currently, UWSNs face problems and challenges that pertain to limited bandwidth, media access control, high propagation delay, 3D...