Winning Hearts and Minds with Economic Sanctions? Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Venezuela

Previous research contends that economic sanctions must benefit opposition groups relative to the incumbent regime in order to generate policy change. However, studies have found that sanctions often backfire and increase regime support. While this rally-around-the-flag effect is well known, it is currently unclear how senders can prevent it. In this article, I use individual-level data from a targeted state to examine whether a sender's framing...