Combining geostatistical and biotic interaction model to predict amphibian refuges under crayfish invasion across dendritic stream networks

Aim Biological invasions are pervasive in freshwater ecosystems, often causing native species to contract into areas that remain largely free from invasive species impacts. Predicting the location of such ecological refuges is challenging, because they are shaped by the habitat requirements of native and invasive species, their biotic interactions, and the spatial and temporal invasion patterns. Here, we investigated the spatial distribution and...