Do nothing but observe microprolactinomas: when and how to replace sex hormones?

Hyperprolactinemia is associated with suppression of the hypothalamic- pituitary–gonadal axis and consequent hypogonadism, manifesting loss of libido, infertility and osteoporosis long-term in both male and female patients, with associated menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea and galactorrhea in women and erectile dysfunction in men. The primary goals of therapy in patients harboring prolactinoma are control of tumor size and normalization of...