Controversy and Debate on Meta-epidemiology. Paper 1: Treatment effect sizes vary in randomized trials depending on the type of outcome measure

Objective To compare estimated treatment effects of physical therapy (PT) between patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and outcomes measured in other ways. Study Design and Setting We selected randomized trials of PT with both a PROM and a non-PROM included in Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs). Two reviewers independently extracted data and risk-of-bias assessments. Our primary outcome was the ratio of odds ratios (RORs), used to quantify...