Replication of the Arctic Ocean surface layer with horizontal variations using a box model implemented with a probability distribution function (PDF)

The 200 m-thick surface layer of the Arctic Ocean contains a lower salinity part in the Canadian Basin, receiving fresher water from the Pacific Ocean as well as rivers, and also a higher salinity part in the Eurasian Basin, receiving saltier water from the Greenland Sea. This surface layer receives atmospheric forcing, and also partially mixes with the subsurface layer. Thus, thermohaline circulation is a fundamental pattern, under the...