Driving cycle construction and combined driving cycle prediction for fuzzy energy management of electric vehicles

Energy management strategies (EMSs) play an important role in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). However, the efficiency of an EMS is significantly affected by the driving cycle (DC). On the one hand, because of the differences in driving type, torque characteristics, and speed response of BEVs differ from those of internal combustion-powered vehicles. Meanwhile, on the other hand, typical DCs that are widely used as evaluation indexes cannot...