Clinical considerations in individuals with α₁-antitrypsin PI*SZ genotype

α 1 -Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), characterised by reduced levels or functionality of α 1 -antitrypsin (AAT), is a significantly underdiagnosed genetic condition that predisposes individuals to lung and liver disease. Most of the available data on AATD are based on the most common, severe deficiency genotype (PI*ZZ); therefore, treatment and monitoring requirements for individuals with the PI*SZ genotype, which is associated with a less severe...