Impacts of conservation agriculture and herbicides on weeds, nematodes, herbicide residue and productivity in direct-seeded rice

The transplanted puddled rice (TPR) followed by (∼fb) conventional till wheat (CTW) system (TPR-CTW) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India is the most remunerative cropping system, serving as the backbone of food security of India. Its sustainability, however, is threatened due to degradation/ scarcity of resources (soil, water, fuel/energy, labour), low inputs-use efficiencies, insurgence/resistance of new weeds/pests, and high pesticides...