How do students prepare in the pre-class setting of a flipped undergraduate math course? A latent profile analysis of learning behavior and the impact of achievement goals

Pre-class preparedness is critical to students' in-class learning and overall success in the flipped classroom. This study used both trace data and self-report data to identify students' pre-class learning behavior profiles and investigate the relations of the identified learning profiles with the achievement trajectory over time and students' perceived achievement goal orientations in a flipped undergraduate math class. Three distinctive types...