Synergism between cruising cod and ambush sculpin predators on 0-group gadoids is modified by daylight cycle and presence of aggressive wolffish

Shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) and large cod (300–400 g body weight) are important predators on newly settled 0-group cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens) in Porsangerfjorden in northern Norway. The Atlantic wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) used to be abundant but is now very rare in the fjord. Video recorded experiments showed that interactions between shorthorn sculpins, wolffish and large cod affected predation rates on...