Convolutional neural network as a novel classification approach for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy applications in lithological recognition

Rapid and accurate identification of multiple types of rocks using spectroscopic techniques has a wide market application prospect and is always challenging due to similar chemical composition and complex matrix effects. In recent years, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with supervised machine learning and chemometrics methods (e.g. k-nearest neighbor (kNN), support vector machine (SVM), partial least squares (PLS), artificial...