Long-term monitoring reveals among-year consistency in the ecological impacts of insecticides on animal communities in paddies

Semi-natural mesocosm experiments have been proposed as a powerful approach for evaluating the realised rather than potential ecotoxicological effects of agrochemicals on biological communities. However, there is uncertainty in the results from such experiments due to spatio-temporal variability in various ecological factors, such as community composition. Therefore, long-term studies evaluating such variability are critical for assessing the...