Buoyancy Effects on the Shape of a Small Axisymmetric Diffusion Flame

This paper discusses the effects of buoyancy on the shape of an axisymmetric diffusion flame above a submillimeter burner, with a focus on the deviation of flame height from the well-known Péclet number scaling. Experiments of butane-air flame were conducted for two different burner diameters, 0.5 and 0.9 mm, to vary the relative strength of buoyancy. On the other hand, numerical simulations were conducted at a fixed burner diameter, 0.5 mm, but...