Regulation of the biology of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells by Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5)

Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is involved in CCA development, and overexpression of the EGF receptor (EGFR) has been linked to tumor progression. The EGF signaling pathway may be associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), a protein belonging to the MAPK family involved in the pathogenesis of different...