Effects of Protein-Energy Wasting (PEW) and hyperphosphatemia on the prognosis in Japanese maintenance hemodialysis patients: A five-year follow-up observational study

Background & aims In dialysis patients, malnutrition is a poor prognostic factor. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), malnutrition is qualitatively different from general malnutrition, which is defined as “Protein-Energy Wasting (PEW).” Dietary therapy for the enhancement of PEW requires the aggressive intake of protein. Conversely, as protein intake and phosphorus intake correlate positively, increasing the protein intake increases...