Using English as a lingua franca to engage with investors: An analysis of Italian and Japanese companies' investor relations communication policies

Companies around the world now routinely provide financial information in English for the global investment community. In the interest of greater transparency, companies may also publish a policy that articulates how they intend to communicate with investors in terms of content, timing, and channels. This paper aims to explore the language of investor relations communication policies of Japanese and Italian companies, representing two different...